01/04/2025 The measurements of cosmic civilizations have been proposed in many different forms. The most famous is the Kardashev Scale, introduced by Nikolai Kardashev, which classifies civilizations according to their total energy consumption. Carl Sagan suggested a scale based on the total amount of information a civilization possesses. John David Barrow offered a scale based…

01/02/2025 In chemistry class, we usually learn about nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, and that iron (Fe) is the most stable nucleus. Lighter elements than iron undergo fusion, while heavier ones undergo fission. Yet, when we recall that about three minutes after the Big Bang, the universe consisted of roughly 75% hydrogen and 25% helium,…

01/02/2025 The Drake Equation (Newton, n.d.) The Drake Equation, formulated as part of the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Project, is an attempt to calculate the number of extraterrestrial civilizations capable of communicating with humanity. A similar framework, the Seager Equation, estimates the number of potentially habitable planets. Looking at the results of these calculations,…

01/01/2025 The safe development of space is, in fact, simpler than it might seem. As I have mentioned before, it requires prioritizing sustainable development while simultaneously investing continuously in space-related technologies. Since advanced technologies are highly susceptible to external factors, a stable research environment is essential. In short, the most ideal approach is to pursue…

12/31/2024 I once suggested that by employing a Communicatable Universe—a universe with which we can exchange information—together with cosmic artificial intelligence, we might come closer to understanding the infinity of the cosmos. Yet I write this now to emphasize more clearly that monitoring the infinity of the universe (infinite-ness) is something entirely different from claiming…

12/31/2024 I originally wanted to become a scholar and an artist. From a young age, I read scientific novels and writings, and immersed myself in related art, nurturing my dream of becoming both a scholar and an artist. Yet, after a long period of wandering through life, I found it difficult to secure work that…

12/30/2024 When one first encounters cosmology, the words most often heard in a philosophical context are the Anthropic Principle and the Copernican Revolution. To put it simply, the anthropic principle is a human-centered theory: it claims that humanity is special, and that Earth is finely tuned in such a way that our existence was inevitable.…

12/29/2024 1) Is Aging a Disease? In 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the disease code MG-2A for aging-related conditions in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). This essentially means that the WHO has chosen to classify aging as a disease. Viewing aging as a disease is both unusual and…

15/08/2025 The 21st century was heralded as the age of human mastery over nature—and yet it has revealed nature’s mastery over us. Rising seas now redraw our coastlines,while heat waves, storms, and droughts rewrite the seasons themselves.Carbon, once the invisible scaffolding of life,has become a visible specter in the atmosphere,trapping heat with mathematical inevitability. We…

12/29/2024 If I had to name the two defining issues of the 21st century,I would choose—without hesitation—climate change and sustainable development.In the 20th century, the great battlefield was ideology;in the 21st, our fate will hinge on how effectively we confront climate changeand how well we build sustainable cities and communities. Let us think coldly for…