08/15/2025 [Philosophical Reflection] Solipsism begins with the radical premise: Only I exist.If so, is the world I see nothing more than an illusionwoven entirely by my own consciousness?Could other people, other forms of life, and even the universe itselfbe mere phantoms that appear to exist only within my experience? If that is the case,the scientific…

12/29/2024 In this essay, I wish to discuss expanded solipsism and outline the scope of what can, in fact, be believed. Human senses are, as we well know, limited. Our eyes cannot see beyond the narrow band of visible light, nor can our ears hear beyond the range of audible frequencies. When solipsism first arose,…

08/15/2025 Suppose a single equation could perfectly explain the universe.In that moment, could we truly declare, “We know everything”?Or would new questions—about the origin, scope, and interpretation of that equation—immediately begin to press upon us? Particle physics and cosmology deal with extremes of scale,yet there is no guarantee that a single equation could seamlessly unite…

12/29/2024 1. The End of Curiosity? Even if one ultimate equation were discovered to describe the universe, would our desire to probe deeper—into more microscopic or more macroscopic realms—truly vanish?Unlikely.We would soon question the philosophical origin of that equation, opening the door to new realms of speculation.Unexplained phenomena would spark further questions, leading to revisions,…

12/29/2024 A thinker is not necessarily a lofty being.The “thought” in thought and reflection is the same sa (思) found in speculation (sabeon), and the “thought” in thought and imagination is the sang (想) found in imagination (sangsang).The goal of a thinker is to exercise imagination from the summit reached by logic—which is the same…

12/29/2024 We often refer to the early universe and black holes when discussing the necessity of string theory or M-Theory. What these two share is an enormous concentration of mass within a small volume—implying that both quantum field theoretic effects and general relativistic effects must be considered simultaneously. However, the key difference lies in whether…

12/28/2024 As noted in the previous essay, proving the infinity of space necessarily requires the existence of a Communicatable Universe. Through such a communicatable universe, we could approximate the size of the cosmos with maximum precision. I have chosen to classify this approach under the methodology of Revised-Normal Science, itself an extension of Post-Normal Science.…

12/28/2024 My Reflections on the Multiverse A short essay on nine types of multiverse inspired by Brian Greene’s The Hidden Reality 1. Mathematical Multiverses: The Quilted Multiverse and the Ultimate Multiverse The Quilted Multiverse envisions an infinitely vast cosmic expanse in which every possible event occurs somewhere. The principle of fecundity naturally applies here, making…

12/21/2024 Based on the 2022 Nobel Prize–winning research on quantum entanglement, quantum communication, and quantum computing, we know that the spin information of particles is massless. This means that transmitting such information is not constrained by the speed of light, suggesting the possible advent of a Communicatable Universe—one in which information exchange can extend beyond…

12/20/2024 1. Why M-Theory Constitutes Revised-Normal Science Before discussing Revised-Normal Science, we must first understand what Normal Science and Post-Normal Science are. Normal Science, as defined by Thomas Kuhn in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, refers to scientific work conducted within an accepted paradigm, producing results consistent with that framework. Traditional physics, chemistry, and biology…